32nd International Conference on Diabetes and Endocrinology

Rome, Italy

September 21-23, 2023

Diabetes complications range from life-threatening disorders such as acute hyperglycaemia to debilitating complications that damage the organ systems of the body. Estimating the prevalence of diabetic complications is challenging due to the lack of worldwide agreements on regular diabetes diagnosis. Diabetes complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular systems will be discussed at this session of the Diabetes Congress 2022.

GDM (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus) is a developing global health issue that can damage both the mother and the child in the short and long term. Regardless matter how critical it is, many nations continue to lack the epidemiological data necessary to respond to diabetes-related disorders. Diabetes and obesity are prevalent in many countries due to a lack of knowledge regarding GDM. Diabetes affects one out of every three women of reproductive age and one out of every seven children, according to data. This session will cover a variety of topics concerning Gestational Diabetes.

Many individuals throughout the world are still unaware of what genetic diabetes is. This allows people to enter pre-diabetic phases without ever realising it, which causes a plethora of problems. Because of hereditary factors that are activated, certain people are predisposed to Diabetic diseases. We are predisposed to diabetes from birth, and something in our environment triggers it. This, however, is not always the case. Other occurrences may cause the Diabetic conditions to be thresholded. This genetic Diabetes presentation will go through the precautions and treatments that must be taken to avoid inherited Diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus, sometimes known as diabetes, is a metabolic disorder characterised by high blood sugar levels. Insulin is a hormone that transports sugar from circulation into your cells, where it is stored or utilised for energy. If you have diabetes, your body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot efficiently utilise the insulin that it does produce. Diabetes symptoms are exacerbated by an increase in blood sugar. The vast majority of persons who arrive with typical diabetes symptoms receive a clear diagnosis. Diabetes management aims to enhance the quality of life and productivity of diabetics.

AI is described as "a branch of computer science that tries to develop systems or methods for analysing information and managing complexity in a wide range of applications". AI is a practical and appealing choice for effective data management and the creation of diabetes care tools and devices. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a fast-expanding discipline, and its applications to diabetes, a worldwide pandemic, have the potential to alter the way diabetes is diagnosed and controlled. Machine learning methods have been used to develop algorithms to enable predictive models for the risk of diabetes and its complications.

Physiology is the study of the processes and mechanisms that occur within an organism. Disease physiology is usually complicated, requiring interactions across several organs and tissue types. The pathophysiology of diabetes is connected to insulin levels in the body as well as the body's capacity to use insulin. Type 1 diabetes has no insulin, but type 2 diabetes has peripheral tissues that resist insulin's actions. Diabetes has a complicated aetiology involving several hormones (i.e., insulin, glucagon, and growth). The pathological processes of this illness are difficult to pin down and vary widely between patients due to the interplay of these hormones with the liver and their role in renal function.

The inability of the body to manufacture insulin is the primary cause of diabetes. Insulin is divided into different groups based on how long it takes to take effect. Insulin is injected into diabetics who cannot control their condition with oral medications. The emphasis is mostly on diabetes medicine and cutting-edge technology.

Diabetes is a cardiovascular and metabolic illness marked by inflammation. It increases almost every cardiovascular risk factor, and the vast majority of diabetics die from heart disease. Recent clinical research discoveries, together with patient education, offer new avenues for improving cardiovascular outcomes in diabetes patients. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have a complex aetiology. Understanding these complicated disease pathways can help clinicians recognise and treat CVD in diabetes patients, as well as help patients avoid potentially deadly effects. Diabetic cardiomyopathy refers to cardiovascular disorders that occur in diabetic people and are not caused by another recognised CVD, such as hypertension or coronary artery disease. Diabetes patients are predisposed to heart failure even early in the course of their disease due to morphological and functional abnormalities in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Obesity is often caused by an underlying condition characterised by excessive body fat build-up. It has a major negative impact on health, especially by raising the risk of other chronic illnesses such as heart disease and diabetes. Obesity is defined as a BMI of more than 30 kg/m2. Obesity is one of the most prevalent disorders in developed nations, and its prevalence is rising. Obesity increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, also known as insulin-resistant diabetes or adult-onset diabetes. This is when your blood glucose level remains elevated over a lengthy period of time. According to a study, obese people are up to 80 times more likely than non-obese people to acquire type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes technology refers to the gear, equipment, and software that diabetics utilise to help them manage their blood glucose levels, minimise diabetes complications, reduce the burden of living with diabetes, and enhance their quality of life. Diabetes technology has traditionally been divided into two categories: insulin delivery through a syringe, pen, or pump, and blood glucose monitoring via metre or continuous glucose monitor. Diabetes technology has lately advanced to include hybrid devices that monitor glucose and dispense insulin, some of which are automated, as well as software that functions as a medical device and aids in diabetes self-management. Diabetes technology, when utilised successfully, may improve people's lives and health; yet, the complexity and rapid growth of the diabetes technology environment can be a barrier to patient and provider adoption.

Even though glucose consumption fluctuates significantly, living beings rely on hormones produced by the endocrine glands to maintain a constant blood glucose level throughout their lives. Hormone production into the blood activates the pathways by restoring normal blood glucose levels. Because the endocrine system is such an essential component of our bodies, several research are being undertaken on it. Learning more about the endocrine system can help us come up with new ways to prevent illnesses like diabetes.

Paediatric endocrinology is the study of endocrinology in children. Paediatric endocrinologists treat children with type 1 and type 2 growth difficulties, pubertal abnormalities, obesity, sex development differences, bone and mineral changes, hypoglycaemia, and various diseases of the adrenal, parathyroid, thyroid, and pituitary glands.

A cluster of conditions that raise the chance of developing heart disease, stroke, or diabetes. Excessive blood pressure, high blood sugar, increased body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels are all symptoms of metabolic syndrome. The condition raises a person's chance of having a heart attack or a stroke. Most metabolic syndrome-related illnesses have no symptoms other than a big waist circumference. Weight loss, exercise, a nutritious diet, and quitting smoking can all help. Medication may be prescribed as well.

Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, is associated with poor bone quality and an increased risk of fractures. Those with long-standing illnesses, poor blood sugar management, and who use insulin are at the greatest risk of fracture. Diabetes mellitus may have a negative impact on bone metabolism and bone quality. Diabetes promotes osteoclast function while decreasing osteoblast function, resulting in accelerated bone loss, osteopenia, and osteoporosis.

Neuroendocrinology is the study of the relationship between the neurological and endocrine systems and how they communicate. To manage the physiological forms of the human body, the neurological and endocrine systems usually work together in a process known as neuroendocrine integration. Neuroendocrinology arose from the recognition that the brain, particularly the hypothalamus, regulates pituitary hormone release and has now expanded to investigate numerous interconnections of the endocrine and nervous systems. The neuroendocrine framework is the component by which the hypothalamus maintains homeostasis by governing generation, digestion, eating and drinking habits, vitality utilisation, osmolality, and blood weight.

Endocrine oncology is the speciality of medicine that deals with tumours caused by thyroid hormones, often known as endocrine neoplasia. There are two types of endocrine neoplasia; both are genetic abnormalities that can be passed down from generation to generation. The first kind is called as warmers disorder, while the second type is known as pheochromocytoma or straightforward condition, both of which resulted in medullary thyroid cancer.

Adrenal organs are little organs that sit on top of each kidney. They produce hormones that you can't live without, like sex hormones and cortisol. Cortisol influences how you react to stress and has a variety of other important functions. There is too much cortisol in Cushing's disease, whereas it is too little in Addison's disease. Thyroid organ influences practically all metabolic types in your body. Thyroid clogs can range from a minor, harmless goitre (expanded organ) that does not require treatment to life-threatening malignancy. Hyperthyroidism is characterised by an excess of thyroid hormone. Hypothyroidism is caused by insufficient hormone production.

Systemic ailments such as diabetes mellitus and immune system sickness can have an impact on the kidneys, and clutters can set the stage for severe or ongoing kidney infection. Chronic kidney infection has been documented to affect 10% to 15% of the general population worldwide, and treating people with kidney disease is a complicated task. Endocrine-disrupting substances, including heavy metals, may contribute to the improvement and progression of chronic renal disease. There is a well-known substantial overlap between nephrology and endocrinology, owing to shared pathophysiologic interactions. Despite the fact that the kidney plays an important role in body homeostasis, i.e., liquid and electrolyte adjustment, as well as administrative control of blood pressure, it is important to recognise that it isn't essentially an excretory organ, because it applies numerous endocrine capacities, in fact, playing a significant role including hormones included in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone framework, erythropoietin.

Cellular and molecular endocrinology examines the cell science and atomic structure of hormones and their endocrine glands. Cellular and molecular endocrinology research focuses on bone metabolism, thyroid issues, calcium's role in atherogenesis, and muscle metabolism. This talk will go through DNA technology and its applications in a variety of sectors. The main purpose of this session is to share the most recent techniques and discoveries in cellular and molecular endocrinology and apply them to endocrine issues.

Nutrition and blood glucose regulation in our bodies are inextricably linked, and the role of vitamins and other nutrition in diabetes regulation is unavoidable. Diabetes is exacerbated by malnutrition. According to statistics, only 15-38% of individuals are malnourished. Dietary variables and regular exercise are critical for managing and preventing diabetes. Diabetes also has an impact on the human body's metabolism, which should typically be functioning properly. The patient's entire body is affected by irregular metabolism. Problems with insulin production and receptors are caused in part by faulty metabolism, which will lead to Diabetes being a chronic disease. This lesson will go through the dietary and metabolic aspects of diabetes.